Igihe kimweibidukikije ku isiubukangurambaga buragenda bwiyongera kandi ikibazo cy’umwanda wa plastiki kiragenda gikomera, ibikoresho byo mu meza bikozwe mu bikoresho byangirika byabaye intego y’inganda. Muri byo, ibikoresho byo mu meza bya PLA (polylactique) birimo guhura niterambere ryihuse kubera ibyiza byihariye. Kuzamuka kwaIbikoresho bya PLAntabwo ari impanuka, ariko ibisubizo byibintu byinshi.

Politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije n'amabwiriza: inzitizi zikomeye n'ubuyobozi busobanutse
Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma zashyizeho politiki ihamye yo kurengera ibidukikije hagamijwe gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’imyanda ihumanya. Nka rimwe mu masoko manini y’abaguzi ku isi, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije cyane kuva intego ya “karuboni ebyiri” yatangwa. “Igitekerezo cyo kurushaho gushimangira kurwanya umwanda wa plastiki” giteganya neza ko mu 2025, ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitangirika mu murima wafashwe mu mijyi cyangwa hejuru y’urwego rwa perefegitura bigomba kugabanukaho 30%. Iyi politiki nki nkoni, yerekana icyerekezo cyinganda zokurya, bigatuma umubare munini wibigo byerekeza ibitekerezo byabo kumeza ya PLA yangirika. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi nawo ntugomba gukererwa. "Disposable Plastics Directive" isaba ko mu 2025, ibikoresho byose byo kumeza bigomba gukoreshwa byibuze 50% byongeye gukoreshwa cyangwa ibikoresho byangirika. Ibikoresho bya PLA bifite biodegradabilite nziza kandi byabaye amahitamo yingenzi kubakora ibikoresho byo kumeza kumasoko yuburayi. Izi politiki n’amabwiriza ntibibuza gusa gukoresha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki gakondo gusa, ahubwo binashyiraho umwanya mugari wa politiki yo guteza imbere ibikoresho bya PLA, bigahinduka imbaraga zikomeye ziterambere.
Isoko ryisoko: gukurura kabiri kuzamura ibicuruzwa hamwe nigitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije
Gukangurira abakiriya kumenya ibidukikije ni ikintu cyingenzi mu kuzamuka kw'isoko ku bikoresho bya PLA. Hamwe no korohereza ikwirakwizwa ryamakuru, abakiriya bamenya ingaruka z’umwanda wa plastike ukomeje kwiyongera, kandi bakunda guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. By'umwihariko, abakiri bato b'abaguzi, nka Generation Z, bemera cyane kandi bagakurikirana ibicuruzwa bitoshye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, kandi bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura amafaranga runaka yo gukoresha ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije. Inganda zigenda zitera imbere kandi yazanye amahirwe menshi yo kwisoko ryibikoresho bya PLA. Dufashe Ubushinwa nk'urugero, dukurikije amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na iResearch Consulting, igipimo cy'isoko ryo gufata Ubushinwa cyarengeje miliyoni 1.8 z'amayero mu 2024, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 18.5%. Biteganijwe ko izarenga tiriyari 3 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu 2030, ikigereranyo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka buri mwaka kirenga 12%. Ingano nini yo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bisobanura gukenera ibikoresho byo kumeza. Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki gakondo bitereranwa nisoko gahoro gahoro. Ibikoresho bya PLA byahindutse bishya mu nganda zifata kubera imiterere yabyo. Muri icyo gihe, ikoreshwa rya porogaramu ya PLA ryagize uruhare runini mu kwerekana ibikorwa binini. Imikino Olempike yo mu 2022 yabereye i BeijingAgasanduku ka sasita ya PLA, ibyuma n'amahwa, nibindi, ukoresheje ibiranga kwangirika kugirango ugabanye ikirere cya karuboni yibirori, werekane ibyiza byibikoresho byo kumeza bya PLA kwisi, kandi birusheho gushimangira isoko ryibikoresho byo kumeza bya PLA.
Imikorere yibikoresho no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: guca intege no kunoza irushanwa
Ibikoresho bya PLA ubwabyo bifite ibintu byinshi byiza, bishyiraho urufatiro rwo kubishyira mubikorwa byo kumeza. PLA ikozwe mubihingwa nkibigori n imyumbati binyuze muri fermentation na polymerisation. Nyuma yo kujugunywa, irashobora kwangirika rwose muri dioxyde de carbone n’amazi mugihe cy’ifumbire mvaruganda mu mezi 6, idatanga microplastique cyangwa ibintu byangiza. Byongeye kandi, aside irike ya polymer ifite antibacterial igipimo cya 95% kurwanya bagiteri zisanzwe nka Escherichia coli. Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo ikubiyemo ibintu byangiza nka bispenol A na plasitike, byujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano w’ibiribwa, kandi byatsinze ibyemezo mpuzamahanga nka FDA. Nyamara, ibikoresho bya PLA bifite ubusembwa mukurwanya ubushyuhe (mubisanzwe -10 ℃ ~ 80 ℃), gukomera no kurwanya amazi, bigabanya imikoreshereze yabyo. Kugira ngo ucike muri ibyo bibazo, abashakashatsi n’inganda bongereye ishoramari R&D.Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere, kugenzura neza kristu, nko guhindura igipimo cyo gukonjesha no kuvura annealing, birashobora kugabanya imbuga zikora no kwangiza ibicuruzwa. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ntabwo tunoza imikorere y ibikoresho bya PLA gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byumusaruro. Hamwe nogukomeza gukura kwikoranabuhanga mu musaruro, ingaruka zigenda zigaragara buhoro buhoro, kandi igiciro cyibice bya PLA kigenda kigabanuka gahoro gahoro kuva kuri 32.000 yuan / toni muri 2020 kigera kuri 18.000 yuan / toni yahanuwe muri 2025, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho byo kumeza bya PLA birushanwe mubiciro kandi bikarushaho kumenyekana ku isoko.

Gutezimbere gufatanya urunigi rwinganda: hejuru no kumanuka uhuza ibicuruzwa
Iterambere ryibikoresho bya PLA ntaho bitandukaniye nimbaraga zifatanije zo hejuru no mumasoko yinganda. Kuruhande rwo hejuru rutanga ibikoresho fatizo, hamwe no kwiyongera kw'isoko, isoko ryinshi nishora mubikorwa byo gukora ibikoresho fatizo bya PLA. Kurugero, umushinga wa toni 200.000 PLA ​​uteganijwe n’amasosiyete yo mu gihugu nka Wanhua Chemical na Jindan Technology biteganijwe ko uzashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2026, ibyo bikaba bizagabanya neza igihugu cyanjye gushingira ku bice bya PLA bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bizatanga itangwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo bihamye. Hagati yo gukora inganda hagati, ibigo bikomeje kumenyekanisha ibikoresho nikoranabuhanga bigezweho kugirango bitezimbere umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Amwe mu masosiyete akomeye yohereje ibirindiro by’umusaruro mu mahanga, nka Yutong Technology, byatumye Aziya y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bugira uruhare runini mu bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, bingana na 45% by’ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa byose, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’igitutu cya politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije mu gihugu ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu guhuza vertike yo gutanga ibikoresho fatizo, yiyubakiye PLA yahinduye imirongo y’umusaruro, kandi ikomeza inyungu nyinshi. Imiyoboro yo hepfo nayo irakorana umwete. Meituan na Ele.me, urubuga rwo gufata ibyokurya, bafite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango abadandaza bashya bakoresha ibicuruzwa byangirika guhera mu 2025. Umubare w’amasoko yangirika y’ibikoresho byangiza ibicuruzwa byinjira mu ngano wiyongereye uva kuri 28% mu 2023 ugera kuri 63% mu 2025, bituma ikoreshwa ry’ibiryo bya PLA ku isoko rya terefone. Ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati y’imbere n’imbere y’urunigi rw’inganda bwagize uruziga rwiza, rutanga ingwate ihamye y’iterambere rirambye rya PLA