Panguva iyoyozvakatipoteredza pasi rosekuziva kuri kuwedzera uye dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki riri kuramba richiwedzera, tableware yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoparara yave iyo pfungwa yeindasitiri. Pakati pavo, PLA (polylactic acid) tableware iri kusangana nekukurumidza kusimudzira maitiro nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika mabhenefiti. Kusimuka kwePLA tablewarehaisi netsaona, asi mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvakawanda.

Kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza marongero nemirau: zvipingaidzo zvakasimba uye nhungamiro yakajeka
Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende dzakatanga mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedzwa kwemhoteredzo kumisa kupararira kwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki. Seimwe yemisika mikuru yevatengi pasi rose, China yakateedzera nhevedzano yemitemo yekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvakanyanya sezvo chinangwa che "dual carbon" chakatsanangurwa. "Maonero eKuwedzera Kusimbisa Plastic Pollution Control" inotaura zvakajeka kuti panosvika gore ra2025, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yepurasitiki isingaparare mumunda wekutora mumaguta ari kana pamusoro penzvimbo yedunhu kunofanirwa kudzikiswa ne30%. Uyu mutemo wakafanana netsvimbo, unongedza gwara kune indasitiri yekudyira, zvichikurudzira huwandu hukuru hwemakambani kuti vatarise pfungwa dzavo kune yakaora PLA tableware. IEuropean Union haifanirwe kurerutswa. Yayo "Disposable Plastics Directive" inoda kuti panosvika 2025, ese anoraswa tableware anofanirwa kushandisa kanenge makumi mashanu muzana ezvekushandisa zvakare kana zvinhu zvinoparara. PLA zvinhu zvine biodegradability yakanaka uye yave sarudzo yakakosha kune vagadziri vetafura mumusika weEU. Aya marongero nemirau haingodzikisire kushandiswa kwechinyakare epurasitiki tableware, asi zvakare kugadzira yakafara nzvimbo yemitemo yekuvandudza yePLA tableware, ichiva inosimudzira ine simba mukusimudzira kwayo.
Kudiwa kwemusika: dhizaini mbiri yekusimudzira kushandiswa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza pfungwa
Kumutswa kwekuziva kwevatengi kwezvakatipoteredza chinhu chakakosha mukukura kwemusika kudiwa kwePLA tableware. Nekureruka kwekuparadzira ruzivo, kuziva kwevatengi nezvekukuvadza kwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kunoramba kuchidzika, uye vanonyanya kuda kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Kunyanya, chizvarwa chechidiki chevatengi, seGeneration Z, vane kugamuchirwa kwakanyanya uye kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvakasvibirira uye zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, uye vakagadzirira kubhadhara imwe mari yekushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari tableware. Indasitiri iri kukura yekutora yakaunzawo mikana mikuru yemusika yePLA tableware. Tichitora China semuenzaniso, maererano nedata rakaburitswa neResearch Consulting, chiyero chemusika wekuChina wekutora chakapfuura 1.8 trillion yuan muna 2024, gore negore kuwedzera kwe18.5%. Inotarisirwa kudarika 3 trillion yuan panosvika 2030, iine avhareji yegore rekukura kwekukura kweinodarika 12%. Iyo yakakura vhoriyamu yekutora maodha inoreva kudiwa kukuru kwetafuraware. Traditional epurasitiki tableware zvishoma nezvishoma akasiiwa nemusika pasi pekumanikidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. PLA tableware yave iyo nyowani inofarira muindasitiri yekutora nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hunokanganisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwePLA tableware kwaitawo basa rakanaka rekuratidzira muzviitiko zvakakura uye zviitiko. Iyo 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics yakagamuchirwa zvizerePLA lunch mabhokisi, mapanga nemaforogo, zvichingodaro, vachishandisa maitiro avo akaora kuderedza kabhoni tsoka yechiitiko, kuratidza zvakanakira zvePLA tableware kupasi, uye nekukurudzira kudiwa kwemusika kwePLA tableware.
Kuita kwezvinhu uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji: kutyora mabhodhoro uye kuvandudza kukwikwidza
PLA zvinhu pachazvo zvine akawanda akanakisa zvivakwa, zvichiisa hwaro hwekushandisa kwavo mumunda wetableware. PLA inogadzirwa nezvirimwa zvakaita sechibage nemufarinya kuburikidza nekuvirisa uye kuita polymerization. Mushure mekuraswa, inogona kuderedzwa zvachose kuita kabhoni dhisiki uye mvura pasi pemaindasitiri composting mamiriro mukati me6 mwedzi, pasina kugadzira microplastics kana zvinokuvadza zvinhu. Uyezve, maitiro ayo ane acidic polymer ane antibacterial rate ye95% kurwisa mabhakitiriya akajairika seEscherichia coli. Panguva imwecheteyo, haina zvinhu zvinokuvadza senge bisphenol A uye plasticizers, inosangana nechikafu chekuchengetedza zviyero, uye yakapfuura zvitupa zvepasi rese seFDA. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvePLA zvine kushomeka mukupikiswa kwekupisa (kazhinji -10 ℃ ~ 80 ℃), kuomarara uye kusamira kwemvura, izvo zvinomisa yavo yakakura kushanda. Kuti vaparadze zvipingamupinyi izvi, vatsvakurudzi nemabhizinesi vakawedzera mari yavo yeR & D. Panyaya yekugadzirisa maitiro, kutonga kwakanyatsojeka kwekristallini, zvakadai sekugadzirisa kutonhora uye kurapwa kweannealing, zvinogona kuderedza kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo dzinoshanda uye kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Tekinoroji innovation haingogadzirise mashandiro ePLA tableware, asi zvakare inoderedza mutengo wekugadzira. Nekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji, chiyero chinobuda zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mutengo wePLA zvidimbu zvishoma nezvishoma unodzikira kubva pamakumi matatu nemaviri yuan/tani muna 2020 kusvika 18,000 yuan/tani yakafanotaurwa muna 2025, izvo zvinoita kuti PLA tableware iwedzere kukwikwidza mumutengo uye inosimudzira mukurumbira wayo wemusika.

Kushandirapamwe kusimudzira kweindasitiri cheni: kumusoro uye kuzasi kwekubatanidza kuti uve nechokwadi chekupihwa
Kuvandudzwa kwePLA tableware hakuparadzaniswe kubva mukuedza kwekubatana kwekumusoro nekudzika kweiyo indasitiri yemaindasitiri. Kudivi repamusoro pekupa zvinhu, nekukura kwekudiwa kwemusika, makambani mazhinji ari kuita mukugadzirwa kwePLA mbishi zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, chirongwa chePLA chemazana maviri ezviuru chakarongwa nemakambani epamba akadai seWanhua Chemical neJindan Technology chinotarisirwa kuiswa mukugadzirwa muna 2026, izvo zvinozonyatso dzikisa kutsamira kwenyika yangu pazvikamu zvePLA zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwakagadzikana kwezvinhu. Mukati mechikamu chekugadzira chinongedzo, makambani anoenderera mberi nekuunza michina yepamberi uye tekinoroji yekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Mamwe makambani anotungamira akaisa mabhesi ekugadzira mhiri kwemakungwa, akadai seYutong Technology, iyo yaita kuti Southeast Asia ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzirwa kwayo, inoverengera 45% yehuwandu hwayo hwekugadzira, kuitira kuti ikwanise kutarisana nekumanikidzwa kwemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kukwira kwemitengo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwakatwasuka kwekupihwa kwezvinhu, yakazvivaka PLA yakagadziridzwa mitsara yekugadzira, uye kuchengetedza yakakwira purofiti. Zviteshi zvepasi zviri kushandira pamwe. Meituan neEle.me, mapuratifomu ekubikisa, ane zvinosungirwa kuti vatengesi vatsva vashandise kurongedza zvinorasika kubva muna 2025. Chikamu chekuparara kwetableware yekutenga nemaketani ekudyara ma brand chakawedzera kubva pa28% muna 2023 kusvika 63% muna 2025, ichikurudzira kupararira kwemusika wePLA. Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati pekumusoro nekudzika kweiyo maindasitiri cheni yakagadzira denderedzwa rakanaka, ichipa vimbiso yakasimba yekusimudzira kwakasimba kwePLA.