Ngexesha aphoimekobume yehlabathiulwazi luyenyuka kwaye ingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki iya isiba mandundu, izixhobo zetafile ezenziwe ngezinto ezonakalisayo ziye zaba yeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kushishino. Phakathi kwabo, i-PLA (i-polylactic acid) i-tableware ihlangabezana nenkqubo yokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezizodwa. Ukunyuka kweItafile ye-PLAayenzeki ngengozi, kodwa isiphumo sezinto ezininzi.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo: imiqobo engqongqo kunye nesikhokelo esicacileyo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oorhulumente baye bamisela imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yokukhusela indalo ukuze bathintele ukusasazeka kongcoliso lweplastiki. Njengenye yeemakethi ezinkulu zehlabathi zabathengi, i-China iphumeze uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ngamandla ukususela ekubeni injongo “yekhabhoni ezimbini” yacetywayo. "Iimbono malunga nokomeleza ngakumbi ukuLawulwa koNgcoliseko lwePlastiki" icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngo-2025, ukusetyenziswa kweetafile zeplastiki ezingenakonakala kwibala lokuthatha idolophu kwidolophu okanye ngaphezulu kwinqanaba le-prefecture kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngama-30%. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ufana ne-baton, esalatha isalathiso kwishishini lokutya, ikhuthaza inani elikhulu leenkampani ukuba ziphendulele ingqalelo yazo kwi-tableware ye-PLA eyonakalisayo. IManyano yaseYurophu nayo ayifanelanga ukuba igqitywe. I-"Disposable Plastics Directive" yayo idinga ukuba ngo-2025, zonke ii-tableware ezilahlayo kufuneka zisebenzise ubuncinane i-50% yezinto ezihlaziyiweyo okanye izinto ezichithwayo. Izinto ze-PLA zinokubola okuhle kwaye zibe lukhetho olubalulekileyo kubenzi betafile kwimarike ye-EU. Le migaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo ayithinteli kuphela ukusetyenziswa kweetafile zeplastiki zemveli, kodwa kwakhona idala indawo yomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi wokuphuhliswa kwe-PLA tableware, ibe yinto ekhuthazayo enamandla kuphuhliso lwayo.
Imfuno yemarike: ukutsalwa kabini kokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kunye nombono wokhuselo lokusingqongileyo
Ukuvuswa kolwazi lokusingqongileyo kwabathengi yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni kwemfuno yentengiso ye-PLA tableware. Ngoncedo lokusasazwa kolwazi, ulwazi lwabathengi malunga nomonakalo wongcoliseko lweplastiki luyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye batyekele ngakumbi ekukhetheni iimveliso ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngokukodwa, isizukulwana esincinci sabathengi, njengeGeneration Z, sinokwamkelwa okuphezulu kunye nokuphishekela iimveliso eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye bazimisele ukuhlawula i-premium ethile yokusetyenziswa kwe-tableware ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ishishini elikhulayo lokukhupha lizise namathuba amakhulu entengiso kwi-PLA tableware. Ukuthatha iChina njengomzekelo, ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yi-iResearch Consulting, isikali semakethi yokuthatha yaseTshayina idlule kwi-1.8 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2024, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-18.5%. Kulindeleke ukuba igqithe kwi-3 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2030, kunye nomndilili wokukhula komndilili wonyaka ongaphezulu kwe-12%. Umthamo omkhulu weeodolo zokukhupha uthetha imfuno enkulu yeetafile zetafile. Iitafile zeplastiki zemveli zishiywa ngokuthe ngcembe yimarike phantsi koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo. I-tableware ye-PLA iye yaba yeyona nto ithandwayo kwishishini lokuthatha ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezonakalisayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwe-PLA tableware kuye kwadlala indima entle yokubonisa kwimisitho emikhulu kunye nemisebenzi. IiOlimpiki zaseBusika zaseBeijing zowama-2022 zamkelwe ngokupheleleyoIibhokisi zesidlo sasemini ze-PLA, iimela kunye neefolokhwe, njl., besebenzisa iimpawu zabo ezichithwayo ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yesiganeko, ebonisa iingenelo ze-PLA tableware kwihlabathi, kunye nokuvuselela imfuno yemarike ye-PLA tableware.
Ukusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe: ukuqhekeza imiqobo kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana
Izinto ze-PLA ngokwazo zineepropati ezininzi ezintle, ezibeka isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwazo kwintsimi ye-tableware. I-PLA yenziwe ngezityalo ezifana nombona kunye necassava ngokuvundiswa kunye ne-polymerization. Emva kokulahlwa, inokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi phantsi kweemeko zomgquba wamashishini ngaphakathi kweenyanga ze-6, ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-microplastics okanye izinto ezinobungozi. Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu zayo ezine-acidic polymer zinezinga le-antibacterial le-95% ngokuchasene neebhaktheriya eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-Escherichia coli. Ngexesha elifanayo, ayinayo izithako ezinobungozi ezifana ne-bisphenol A kunye ne-plasticizers, ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya, kwaye iphumelele iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-FDA. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ze-PLA zineentsilelo ekuxhathiseni ubushushu (ngokuqhelekileyo -10 ℃ ~ 80 ℃), ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi, okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngokubanzi. Ukutyhutyha le mibhobho, abaphandi kunye namashishini baye bandisa utyalo-mali lwabo lwe-R & D. Ngokwemigaqo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-crystallinity, njengokulungelelanisa izinga lokupholisa kunye nonyango lwe-annealing, kunokunciphisa ukuthotywa kweendawo ezisebenzayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso. I-teknoloji entsha ayiphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kwe-PLA tableware, kodwa inciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobugcisa bokuvelisa, isiphumo sesikali sivela ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ixabiso lamasuntswana e-PLA liyehla ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-32,000 yuan/toni ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-18,000 ye-yuan/toni eqikelelweyo ngo-2025, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-PLA tableware ikhuphisane ngakumbi kwixabiso kwaye ikhuthaze ngakumbi ukuthandwa kwayo kwimarike.

Uphuhliso olubambiseneyo lwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso: unxulumano olunyukayo nolusezantsi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonelela
Uphuhliso lwe-PLA tableware alunakwahlulwa kwiinzame zentsebenziswano ukusuka phezulu nasezantsi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso. Kwicala lokubonelela ngempahla ekrwada enyukayo, ngokukhula kwemfuno yentengiso, ziya zisanda iinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekuveliseni imathiriyeli ekrwada yePLA. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi ye-PLA yeetoni ezingama-200,000 ecwangciswe ziinkampani zasekhaya ezifana ne-Wanhua Chemical kunye ne-Jindan Technology kulindeleke ukuba ifakwe kwimveliso kwi-2026, eya kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhomekeka kwelizwe lam kwiincinci ze-PLA ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuzinzile kwezinto eziluhlaza. Kwikhonkco lokuvelisa eliphakathi, iinkampani ziyaqhubeka nokuzisa izixhobo eziphambili kunye neteknoloji yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ezinye iinkampani ezikhokelayo ziye zasebenzisa iziseko zemveliso zaphesheya, ezifana neYutong Technology, eyenze ukuba i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ibe yindawo ephambili yokucwangcisa umthamo wayo wokuvelisa, i-akhawunti ye-45% yomthamo wayo wokuvelisa, ukwenzela ukujamelana noxinzelelo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya yokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo konikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, i-PLA eyakhiwe ngokwayo imigca yemveliso elungisiweyo, kunye nokugcina umda ophezulu wengeniso. Amajelo asezantsi nawo asebenzisana ngokukhutheleyo. I-Meituan kunye ne-Ele.me, iiplatifomu zokuthatha ukutya, zineemfuno ezisinyanzelo kubathengisi abatsha ukuba basebenzise ukupakishwa okunokonakala ukusuka kwi-2025. Umlinganiselo wokuthengwa kwe-tableware eyonakalisayo nge-chain catering brands uye wanda ukusuka kwi-28% ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-63% ngo-2025, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-tableware ye-market kwi-terminal ye-PLA. Intsebenziswano esondeleleneyo phakathi komsinga onyukayo kunye nosezantsi kwekhonkco leshishini lenze isangqa esilungileyo, inika isiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwePLA.