Ngesikhathi laphoimvelo yomhlaba wonkeukuqwashisa kuyenyuka futhi inkinga yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki iya ngokuya iba yimbi, i-tableware eyenziwe ngezinto eziwohlokayo isiphenduke into egxile kakhulu embonini. Phakathi kwazo, i-PLA (i-polylactic acid) tableware ibhekana nenqubo yokuthuthuka ngokushesha ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Ukunyuka kweI-PLA tablewareakwenzeki ngephutha, kodwa umphumela wezinto eziningi.

Izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo yokuvikela imvelo: izithiyo eziqinile kanye nesiqondiso esicacile
Eminyakeni yamuva, ohulumeni baye bethula izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo ukuze kunqandwe ukusabalala kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki. Njengenye yezimakethe zabathengi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, iShayina isebenzise uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo ngokujulile selokhu kwahlongozwa umgomo “wekhabhoni ekabili”. "Imibono Ngokuqhubekayo Ukuqinisa Ukulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki" ibeka ngokucacile ukuthi ngo-2025, ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezingaboli endaweni yokuthutha emadolobheni asezingeni noma ngaphezulu kwezinga lesifunda kumele kwehliswe ngo-30%. Le nqubomgomo ifana nenduku, ekhomba indlela embonini yezokupheka, okwenza izinkampani eziningi zibheke izinto ze-PLA eziwohlokayo. I-European Union nayo akufanele idlule. I-“Disposable Plastics Directive” yayo idinga ukuthi ngo-2025, zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilahlwayo kufanele zisebenzise okungenani izinto ezingu-50% ezigaywe kabusha noma izinto ezonakalisayo. Izinto ze-PLA zinokubola okuhle kwe-biodegradability futhi sekuyisinqumo esibalulekile sabakhiqizi be-tableware emakethe ye-EU. Lezi zinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo azikhawuli nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki zendabuko, kodwa futhi zakha indawo yenqubomgomo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-PLA tableware, ibe i-booster enamandla ekuthuthukisweni kwayo.
Isidingo semakethe: ukudonsa okukabili kokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa nomqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo
Ukuvuswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kwabathengi kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwesidingo semakethe se-PLA tableware. Ngokuvumelana nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi, ukuqwashisa kwabathengi ngomonakalo wokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyaqhubeka nokujula, futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekukhetheni imikhiqizo engayingeni imvelo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ikakhulukazi, isizukulwane esincane sabathengi, njengeGeneration Z, siyamukeleka kakhulu futhi sifuna imikhiqizo eluhlaza kanye nemvelo, futhi sizimisele ukukhokha inkokhelo ethile ukuze kusetshenziswe izitsha zetafula ezihambisana nemvelo. Imboni ye-Takeout ethuthukayo ilethe namathuba amakhulu emakethe we-PLA tableware. Uma sithatha iChina njengesibonelo, ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-iResearch Consulting, izinga lemakethe yokukhipha imali yaseChina leqe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.8 ngo-2024, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-18.5%. Kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3 ngo-2030, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwenhlanganisela yonyaka esingaphezu kuka-12%. Umthamo omkhulu wama-oda wokuthatha usho isidingo esikhulu sezinto zetafula. I-tableware yepulasitiki yendabuko ishiywa kancane kancane yimakethe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemvelo. I-PLA tableware isiphenduke intandokazi entsha embonini yokukhipha ngenxa yezici zayo eziwohlokayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-PLA tableware nakho kudlale indima enhle yokubonisa ezenzakalweni nasezindaweni ezinkulu. I-Beijing Winter Olympics yango-2022 amukelwe ngokugcweleAmabhokisi e-PLA kwasemini, imimese nezimfoloko, njll., zisebenzisa izici zazo ezonakaliswayo ukuze kuncishiswe i-carbon footprint yomcimbi, ukukhombisa izinzuzo ze-PLA tableware emhlabeni, futhi kuqhubekisele phambili nokugqugquzela isidingo semakethe se-PLA tableware.
Ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe: ukweqa izithiyo nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana
Izinto ze-PLA ngokwazo zinezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, ezibeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwazo emkhakheni we-tableware. I-PLA yenziwe ngezilimo ezinjengommbila kanye ne-cassava ngokuvutshelwa kanye ne-polymerization. Ngemva kokulahlwa, ingachithwa ngokuphelele ibe yi-carbon dioxide kanye namanzi ngaphansi kwezimo zomquba wezimboni phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-6, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ama-microplastics noma izinto eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zayo ezine-acidic polymer zinesilinganiso sokulwa namagciwane esingu-95% ngokumelene namagciwane avamile njenge-Escherichia coli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayinazo izithako eziyingozi njenge-bisphenol A nama-plasticizers, ihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha okuxhumana nokudla, futhi iphumelele izitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-FDA. Kodwa-ke, izinto ze-PLA zinokushoda ekumelana nokushisa (imvamisa -10℃~80℃), ubulukhuni nokumelana namanzi, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okubanzi. Ukuze banqamule lezi zingqinamba, abacwaningi namabhizinisi bakhuphule utshalomali lwabo lwe-R&D. Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, ukulawulwa okunembile kokucwebezela, njengokulungisa izinga lokupholisa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-annealing, kunganciphisa ukucekelwa phansi amasayithi asebenzayo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe akuthuthukisi kuphela ukusebenza kwe-PLA tableware, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, umphumela wesilinganiso uyavela kancane kancane, futhi intengo yezinhlayiya ze-PLA yehla kancane kancane isuka ku-32,000 yuan/ton ngo-2020 iya ku-18,000 yuan/ton eyabikezelwa ngo-2025, okwenza i-PLA tableware iqhudelane kakhulu ngentengo futhi iqhubekisele phambili ukuthandwa kwayo ezimakethe.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngokubambisana kochungechunge lwezimboni: ukuxhumana okukhuphuka nomfula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tableware ye-PLA akunakuhlukaniswa nemizamo yokubambisana yasenhla nomfula ongaphansi kochungechunge lwezimboni. Ngasohlangothini olukhuphukayo lokunikezwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe, ziyanda izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-PLA. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi ye-PLA engamathani angu-200,000 ehlelwe yizinkampani zasekhaya ezifana ne-Wanhua Chemical kanye ne-Jindan Technology kulindeleke ukuthi ifakwe ekukhiqizeni ngo-2026, okuzonciphisa ngempumelelo ukuncika kwezwe lami ezinhlayiyeni ze-PLA ezingenisiwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala okuzinzile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kusixhumanisi sokukhiqiza esiphakathi nendawo, izinkampani ziyaqhubeka nokwethula imishini ethuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ezinye izinkampani ezihamba phambili zisabalalise izisekelo zokukhiqiza phesheya kwezilwandle, njenge-Yutong Technology, okwenze iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia indawo ebalulekile yokuhlela umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza, ibalwa ku-45% wengqikithi yawo yokukhiqiza, ukuze ibhekane nengcindezi yezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo yasekhaya kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza, imigqa yokukhiqiza elungisiwe ye-PLA eyakhiwe ngokwakho, nokugcina umkhawulo wenzuzo enkulu. Iziteshi eziya phansi nazo ziyabambisana ngenkuthalo. I-Meituan kanye ne-Ele.me, izinkundla zokuthenga ukudla, zinezidingo eziphoqelekile kubathengisi abasha ukuthi basebenzise amaphakheji awonakele kusukela ngo-2025. Ingxenye yokuthengwa kwe-tableware eyonakalisayo ngama-chain catering brands inyuke isuka ku-28% ngo-2023 yaya ku-63% ngo-2025, ikhuthaza ukusabalala kwe-tableware yemakethe ye-PLA. Ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi komfula okhuphukayo kanye nozansi nomfula we-industrial chain kwenze umbuthano omuhle, ohlinzeka isiqinisekiso esiqinile sentuthuko esimeme ye-PLA.