Njengesigaba esimele emkhakheni we-izitsha zokudla ezinobungani nemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitsha zokudla ezisekelwe kukolweni akuyona nje inqubo yokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuyisici esincane esicacile sokuhlanganiswa kancane kancane kweintuthuko eluhlazaimibono ibe yindlela yokusebenza kwezimboni. Ngawo-1990, ngokusheshiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ezweni lami,ukukhiqizwa kotshani bukakolweniyanda kakhulu, kodwa inkinga yokulahlwa kotshani yaya ngokuya igqama. Ukushiswa kotshani akungcolisanga nje kuphela imvelo kodwa futhi kwabangela ukuchithwa kwemithombo. Ngenxa yalesi simo, izitsha zokudla ezisekelwe kukolweni zavela buthule njengesiqondiso sokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yotshani. Esigabeni sokuqala, imboni yayinezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphansi, ikakhulukazi ezithembele kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezincane, eziqhutshwa ngumndeni zokukhiqiza ngesandla. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yayingeyokuqala, ikwazi kuphela ukukhiqiza izinto ezilula eziyisisekelo njengezitsha namapuleti. Imikhiqizo yayinamandla amancane kanye nokumelana namanzi, kanti umkhiqizo wawungaphansi kwamathani ayi-1,000. Kunqunyelwe amazinga obuchwepheshe kanye nokuqwashisa ngemakethe, lezi zinto zokudla etafuleni zazisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni zesikhashana njengemikhosi yezolimo kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini. Ukumbozwa kwemakethe kwakuncane, kanye nokwaziswa komphakathi ngezo zaboinani lemvelofuthi ukusebenza kahle ngokuvamile kwakunganele, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yotshani kwakungakaqali ngempela.

Ukungena ekhulwini lama-21, umhlaba wonkeukuvikelwa kwemveloIgagasi lakhuphuka, futhi ukuqwashisa ngemvelo yasekhaya kwavuka kancane kancane. Inkinga yokungcola okumhlophe okubangelwa yizitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo yathola ukunakwa kabanzi, okunikeza ithuba elibalulekile lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezitsha zetafula ezisekelwe kukolweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthuko kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza yafaka umfutho obalulekile ekusheshiseni kwemboni. Ngemuva kuka-2010, izinqubo eziyinhloko ezifanautshani bukakolweniUkuchoboza nokucwenga, ukubumba okushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, kanye nokugqoka okubolayo kwavuthwa. Lokhu akuxazululanga nje kuphela izindawo ezibuhlungu zamandla anganele, ukuvuza okulula, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okubi kwemikhiqizo yokuqala kodwa futhi kwavumela ukuhlukahluka kwezigaba zemikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo evumelaniswe nezimo zokupheka, njengebhokisi lesidlo sasemini, izitsha zesobho, kanye notshani, yethulwa ngokulandelana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kwaholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo komkhiqizo, kwafinyelela ngaphezu kwamathani ayisigidi ngo-2020, ukwanda okuphindwe kayinkulungwane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala kwekhulu leminyaka. Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kwaba "yisisheshisi" sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. "Ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki" kukazwelonke kwavimbela ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezingabolayo ezilahlwayo, futhi izifunda ezahlukahlukene zaletha izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo, zinikeza ukwehliswa kwentela kanye noxhaso lwe-R&D kubakhiqizi bezitsha zetafula ezisekelwe kukolweni. Ngokumelene nalokhu,izitsha zokudla ezisekelwe kukolweningempumelelo yaba yindlela ejwayelekile yokudla etafuleni okulahlwayo, yangena kabanzi ezimweni ezibalulekile njengezindawo zokudlela zokudlela, ukulethwa kokudla, kanye nochungechunge lokudla okusheshayo, kanye nokwamukelwa kwemakethe kwanda kakhulu.

Namuhla,izitsha zokudla ze-wheat strawImboni isingene esigabeni esivuthiwe sentuthuko esibonakala ngokukhiqiza okukhulu, ukulinganisa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Uhlelo lwemboni luqhubeka luthuthuka, lwakha imodeli yokuqoqwa nokucubungula “yamabhizinisi abambisene + nabalimi.” Ama-cooperative ahola ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zotshani zabalimi, kuyilapho amabhizinisi enikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe kanye neziqinisekiso zokuphinda kusetshenziswe. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga “yemayela lokugcina” yokuphinda kusetshenziswe utshani futhi kunikeza abalimi umthombo owengeziwe wemali engenayo. Ezindaweni ezikhiqiza ukolweni kuphela, lokhu kuzuzise imindeni engaphezu kuka-100,000 yabalimi. Ukukhiqiza kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele, futhi amanye amabhizinisi ahamba phambili asungule uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula ikhwalithi kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokucubungula izinqubo kuya ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo oqediwe. Imikhiqizo ithole izitifiketi zokuphepha kokudla zamazwe ngamazwe futhi ithunyelwa emazweni nasezifundeni ezingu-17 emhlabeni jikelele. Usayizi wemakethe uyaqhubeka nokukhula; ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yetafula lotshani lukakolweni kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$86.5 million ngo-2025, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-14.9% eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni iqhubeka nokuhlola izindlela zokuthuthukiswa ezinenani eliphezulu, ifinyelela impumelelo ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengokuguqulwa kwe-straw fiber kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-okubolayoizinto ezihlanganisiwe, okwandisa imikhiqizo kuya ekuphekeni okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nasekupakisheni izipho. Kusukela kumkhiqizo wemfucuza yezolimo onganakwa kuya engxenyeni eyinhloko eqhuba izigidigidi zamaRandiimakethe yezemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitsha zokudla zikakolweni akufezanga nje kuphela isimo esizuzisa wonke umuntu sezinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho kodwa futhi kunikeze imodeli yezimboni ephindaphindekayo yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemfucuza yezolimo.